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Chicago Manual of Style: Web Content

The purpose of this guide is to show you how to cite your resources using the Chicago Manual of Style (18th edition). It provides useful tips and examples for organizing your work and bibliography.

 

Blog posts and blogs

BLOGS

General guidelines:

  • Blogs are treated like periodicals due to their nature of a news article
  • Include the author of the content
  • Title or description of the page - capitalized, in quotation marks
  • Blog title - capitalized, italicized
  • Date of the post
  • URL
  • The word (blog) in parentheses may be added after the title of the blog, only if it is not present in the blog title
  • Blog posts can often be cited in the text or notes rather than in a bibliography 

Examples:

Blog post

FOOTNOTE

Footnote Reference Format:

Author First Name Last Name, "Title of Entry," Title of Blog (blog), Month Day, Year Posted, URL.

1. Jason B. Jones, “Getting More Done with Emoji,” ProfHacker (blog), Chronicle of Higher Education, November 22, 2016, https://xxx 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bibliography Reference Format:

Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Entry." Title of Blog (blog). Month Day, Year Posted, URL.

Jones, Jason B. “Getting More Done with Emoji.” ProfHacker (blog). Chronicle of Higher Education, November 22, 2016. https://xxx 

Websites

WEBSITES

General guidelines:

  • Title of the general website - capitalized; no quotation marks; might be in italics;
  • Title or description of the article - capitalized; in quotation marks
  • Author of the content (if appears)
  • Owner or sponsor of the site
  • Publication, modification, or revision date (if not available - an access date)
  • URL
  • Websites are usually cited in the text or a note rather than in a bibliography.

Examples:

Webpage on a website with an author

FOOTNOTE

Footnote Reference Format:

Author First Name/Initial Last Name, "Title of Page," Title of Website, Publishing, Owner/Sponsor, Publication/Access Date, URL.

1. Daniel H. Bays, "The Foreign Missionary Movement in the 19th and Early20th Centuries," TeacherServe, National Humanities Center, last revised September 2005, https://xxx

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Bibliography Reference Format:

Author Last Name, First Name/Initial. "Title of Page." Title of Website. Owner/Sponsor. Publication/Access date, URL.

Bays, Daniel H. "The Foreign Missionary Movement in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries." TeacherServe. National Humanities Center. Last modified September 2005. https://xxx 
Webpage without an individual author

1. "Microsoft Privacy Statement," Microsoft, updated February 2023, https://xxx

2. "Wikipedia: Manual of Style," Wikimedia Foundation, last modified September 9, 2022, 21:35 (UTC), https://xxx

Social media

SOCIAL MEDIA

General guidelines:

  • Posts and comments shared on social media are usually mentioned or cited in the text or in a note
  • Captions in the notes should include enough text from the original post to identify it (up to 280 characters, including spaces, and retaining any emojis)
  • Add URL

Examples:

Facebook, X, and posts on other similar platforms

1. Conan O’Brien (@ConanOBrien), “In honor of Earth Day, I’m recycling my tweets,” Twitter (now X), April 22, 2015, 11:10 a.m., https://xxx 

2. NASA Webb Telescope (@NASAWebb), "Sneak peek at the deepest & sharpest image of the early universe ever taken - all in a day's work for the Webb telescope,"  Twitter (now X). July 11, 2022, https://xxx

3. Chicago Manual of Style (@ChicagoManual), "Is the world ready for singular they? We thought so back in 1993," Facebook, April 17, 2015, https://xxx